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BHS Library: Bibliography & Citation

How to cite sources

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How Do I Cite Sources?


When doing ANYTHING with information you didn't make yourself, you have to say where it came form. Learn how to do it correctly. 

MLA Citation

Anatomy of the MLA Format


These are the necessary elements of any citation:
**Pay attention to order and punctuation!**
 
Author. Title. Title of container (not for books),
Other contributors (translators, editors)Version (edition)
Number (vol. and/or no.)Publisher, Publication date, 
Location (page numbers, URL or DOI)Date of Access (if
applicable).

Citation: A (very) Brief Introduction

Google Citations

Google Citations work within a Google Doc, and they are excellent for organizing and saving your sources, in-text citations, and creating a quick Works Cited page at the end of your paper. This is an especially good option for saving your work over multiple sessions while writing longer assignments.

EasyBib.com

EasyBib.com is a website that will help guide you through the process of making an MLA citation for your sources. It can be a little tricky to use, and there may be a lot of ads, but is definitely helpful because you won't have to remember all of the different rules on your own.

Common Types of Citation

Full Citations

These contain all of the necessary information about a source that you used and are included in a bibliography or works-cited page at the end of a larger work (like an essay or presentation). They let your readers know exactly where you found all of the information you found in your research 

Book

Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of
Climatology. Springer, 2005.

Website

Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical TheoryPurdue U, 28 Nov. 2003, 

www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/. Accessed 10 May 2006.

Article in an online database

Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” 
Historical Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, 2007, pp. 173-96. ProQuest, doi:10.1017/S0018246X06005966. Accessed 27 May 2009.
 
In-Text Citations

These are a shorthand for full citations. They are used within the text of a paper or a presentation so that your reader knows that you are quoting or paraphrasing the work of someone else. In-text citations should contain just enough information so that your reader can find the source if they look in your bibliography, but not so much that it makes your work difficult to read.

--

You can reference a source in the text of your essay, and include the page number where necessary in parentheses. For example:

As Howard Zinn points out in his book, A People's History of the United States, "when the war in Mexico began, New York workingmen called a meeting to oppose the war." (159)

--

Alternatively, you can provide a parenthetical citation with the author's last name and the page number the quotation comes from:

"When the war in Mexico began, New York workingmen called a meeting to oppose the war." (Zinn, 159)

***

You must use either method of in-text citation even if you are paraphrasing the source and not directly quoting it!

Purdue Owl MLA Style Guide

The Purdue OWL is a resource from Purdue University that provides free, easily understood information about how and when to cite virtually any kind of source. Use the headings on the left side of the page to help you find the types of citation (and examples!) that you need.

 

For any questions, email Mr. Mulvey at jmulvey3@schools.nyc.gov